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高管超额薪酬的公司治理效应有效性,一直是理论界与实务界探索的重要议题。本文以我国2007—2019年A股非金融类上市公司为研究对象,从独特的股价崩盘风险视角考察高管超额薪酬是改善还是恶化公司治理,结合EBM-DID和安慰剂检验方法评估“限薪令”政策对股价崩盘风险的影响。研究发现,高管超额薪酬与股价崩盘风险呈正相关关系,即高管超额薪酬具有股价崩盘效应,支持了管理者权力假说。影响机制检验结果显示,信息披露质量在高管超额薪酬对股价崩盘风险影响路径中具有重要的中介传导作用,高管超额薪酬的股价崩盘效应在管理层权力较大和股权制衡度较低上市公司中更为显著。进一步研究表明,高管超额薪酬损害企业价值与声誉,加剧高管过度自信倾向与内部薪酬差距,“限薪令”的颁布能有效平抑股价崩盘风险。研究有助于为我国上市公司治理尤其为有效薪酬契约激励方案设计和维护证券市场的稳定发展提供有益启示。
Abstract:The effectiveness of corporate governance effect of executive excess compensation has always been an important issue in theoretical and practical circles. Based on China's A-share non-financial listed companies from 2007 to 2019, this paper examines whether executive excess compensation improves or deteriorates corporate governance from a unique perspective of stock price crash risk. Combined with EBM-DID and placebo test, it evaluates the impact of “salary limit order” on stock price crash risk. The research finds that the excess compensation of senior executives was positively correlated with the stock price crash risk, that is, the excess compensation of senior executives has the effect of stock price collapse, which supports the hypothesis of managers' power. The results of the impact mechanism test show that the quality of information disclosure plays an important intermediary role in the path of the impact of executive excess compensation on the stock price crash risk, and the stock price collapse effect of executive excess compensation is more significant in listed companies with higher management power and lower equity checks and balances. Further research shows that the excessive compensation of senior executives damages the value and reputation of the enterprise, and improves the overconfidence tendency of senior executives and the internal salary gap. The promulgation of the “salary limit order” can effectively mitigate the stock price crash risk. This study is helpful to for the design of corporate governance in Chinese listed companies, especially provides inspiration for the effective compensation contract incentive scheme design, and maintain the stable development of the securities market.
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(1)囿于篇幅,稳健性检验结果未予列示,留存备索。
(2)KV指数度量法的基本思路是:Kim和Verrecchia(2001)证实投资者对于交易量信息的依赖和公司披露信息依赖存在着此消彼长的关系,即上市公司信息披露质量越高,投资者对公司信息披露的依赖强于交易量信息,从而使投资者的股票收益率与股票交易量的相关性较弱;反之,上市公司信息披露质量越差,投资者无法凭借公司披露的信息进行有效的投资价值判断,导致其股票收益率与股票交易量的相关性较强。因此,股票交易量对股票收益率的影响系数被定义为KV指数。公司的规模不同导致股票交易量具有本质性差异,利用股票收益率和股票交易量变化率进行回归可以规避统计误差,即可得到改进的KV指数。
(3)本文选取样本时间区间为2007—2019年,其间出台了两次“限薪令”。2009年9月,人力资源和社会保障部、财政部等六部委出台《关于进一步规范中央企业负责人薪酬管理的指导意见》(本文简称“限薪令2009”)。2014年,中央下发《关于深化中央管理企业负责人薪酬制度改革的意见》(简称“限薪令2015”),明确规定从2015年1月1日起实施《中央管理企业负责人薪酬制度改革方案》。
(4)囿于篇幅,平衡性检验结果未予列示,留存备索。
基本信息:
DOI:
中图分类号:F272.92;F271;F832.51
引用信息:
[1]王焰辉,傅传锐,李万福.高管超额薪酬改善了公司治理吗?——基于股价崩盘风险视角[J].金融学季刊,2022,16(03):46-71.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(71872046,71872078); 福建省社会科学研究基地重大项目(FJ2021MJDZ012)的资助